Thursday, January 30, 2020
A Unique Man Essay Example for Free
A Unique Man Essay The novel Into the Wild, written by author Jon Krakauer, takes place in the western portion of the United States during the late 1980s, early 1990s. Chris McCandless grew up in Washington D.C. and attended college at Emory University. He did not live an ordinary life by choice. He abandoned his opportunities after graduation and decided to travel out west for his own enjoyment and self-discovery. Chris McCandless is very different from an ordinary person because he explores life to the fullest and does not believe in society’s perception of what a person’s life should be. Chris McCandless did not need materialistic items to make his life more enjoyable; he only needed Mother Nature and his own motivation. For example, Chris does not want a new or better car because he is perfectly content with the Datsun, an old car passed down to him by his parents. His parents wanted to buy him a new car; however, he disagreed and became upset at the idea of having a new car in his possession. Chris’s perspective on the situation is that the Datsun is still in very good condition, therefore there is no reason to replace it with a more advanced car. Additionally, Chris donates over $24,000 to Oxfam International, a poverty eradication charity. The money that he donated to Oxfam International was originally given to him by his parents. However, Chris believed that this money was just a distraction and in order to make a point that he did not need the extra money and that he was satisfied with his life, he decided to donate it. Furthermore, before Chris began his adventurous journey for Alaska, he burned the rest of his money that he owned into ashes. He thought that money was just a distraction for what you could accomplish. One thing that Chris realized was that in life money is not everything, and happiness and tranquility cannot always be bought. The same thing goes for materialistic objects which are considered a distraction and unnecessary in the overall vision of the ideal life. In conclusion, Chris never needed materials or money to feel happy; he just needed motivation, nature, and the wild. Chris McCandless was always viewed differently by others since he lived an unordinary lifestyle. He would explain his theories and view of life to many others during his adventure to Alaska. For example, Wayne Westerberg, the first man to encounter McCandless on his vigorous adventure. Chris wasn’t prepared for the wild with the supplies he had, Westerberg helped him out with more advanced supplies. Chris shared his story with Wayne and they talked about their views on the lifestyle. Chris gave his input, but Wayne thought he was wild and out of his mind, but he liked Chris. Additionally, Chris encountered Jan Burres. Chris told Jan about his goals that he set for Alaska and the long adventure. At first Jan did not have must interest in of the matter. Then she gave her own insight on the hardships he would face and what he would need. Jan told Chris that he would have to acquire a job and shelter. Also, she said Chris would need plenty of food and water to prevent starvation during his traveling. Furthermore, Ron Franz was an old man Chris came across on his endeavor for Alaska. McCandless told his story towards his perspective on societies thoughts on what life should consist of. Franz thought he had interesting points and was a clever young man. Chris even convinced Franz to climb a mountain at one point to see a great view Chris had found. Chris encouraged Franz to take a risk and leave his everyday lifestyle and had him climb a steep mountain. In conclusion, Chris was an inspiration to many other people with his unordinary perspectives on the valuable things you occur in life. Chris McCandless would rather risk his life for his thrill of the adventure and nature than play it safe and be like everyone else. For example, McCandless has a main goal of traveling all the way to Alaska by foot. Chris did have a vehicle, the Datsun, but he abandoned the car and continued his quest for Alaska. On his way to Alaska he is offered help, such as food and shelter, and sometimes he would reject the help and continue on. He had the knowledge and skills to build his own shelter and obtain his own food. Also, he does not want or need valuables or materials to be satisfied. One example of this is the action of Chris donating over twenty thousand dollars to an organization. Another example is when Chris burns the remaining money he has left. Soon after he burns his money he abandons his longtime car, the Datsun. Furthermore, Chris prepares vigorously for hardships he could be unaware about of the wilderness. He would read multiple books as some preparation for the vigorous adventure from the United States to Alaska. He also gathered advice from multiple people he met during his traveling and took what people said into consideration. Chris possessed a guide that told him about different kinds of plants and if they were poisonous or not. In conclusion, Chris likes the idea of adventure, the challenges he will face, and the beauty of nature. Chris McCandless does what he believes life should consist of instead of accepting society’s view of what the normal life is. I think Chris succeeded in trying to live a transcendental lifestyle. He took on a grueling challenge that not many people would even consider. Even though he died on his adventure to Alaska, he was probably one of the bravest men to ever live. Also, Chris’ arrogance was not an obstacle to his success in achieving his goals, it was a confidence boost. His arrogance was a sign of confidence and knowledge, unfortunately he didn’t make it to Alaska. In conclusion, Chris succeeded in being what he viewed as a man and this brave man died trying to achieve a very unique thing.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Iraq - military campaign Essay -- essays research papers
Abstract     1 1.     Introduction     2 2.     Past experience     2 3.     Diplomatic problems     2 4.     Concept of Operation     3 5.     The campaign     3 5.1.     Air power     4 5.2.     Ground operations and special forces     5 5.3.     Iraqi strategy and tactics     5 6.     Intelligence     6 7.     Psychological operations     6 8.     Public relations     6 9.     Technology     6 10.     Casualties     7 11.     Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)     7 12.     Conclusion     7 13.     References:     8 14.     Glossary of terms     9 1.     warfare     9 2.     vanguard     10 3.     breach     11 4.     sortie     12 5.     enclave     13 6.     domain     14 7.     envisage     15 8.     resistance     16 9.     paramilitary     17 10.     campaign     18 Abstract This article draws together early military implications of a campaign where intensive operations lasted just about a month. The deeper insights will need much more time for the post operations reports to be written, detailed batt... ...#8226;     Does technology replace troops? •Ã‚     Can air power now eliminate the power of armies to defend? •Ã‚     Do logistics still constrain rates of advancement? •Ã‚     Are special forces assuming greater importance for future warfare? •Ã‚     Did the coalition get its media strategy right? •Ã‚     How accurate was intelligence? •Ã‚     How important are allies? •Ã‚     What are the combat applications of the need to rebuild a nation after a conflict? Now, more than a year after the official end of the war, one thing is clear. Only the military part of the operation went approximately according to plan. Everything else went wrong. The peace still hasn’t returned to the country and it seems that occupational forces can’t provide it. The country is on the edge of religious war and it will be hard to extinguish that flame. Iraqis and democracy had to pay high price for cheap gasoline in the United States.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 16
Damon clearly decided to throw himself on the mercy of the court, and looked piteous and a little unbalanced, which he could easily do whenever he wanted. â€Å"I really didn't try to Influence you,†he repeated, but then hastily added, â€Å"Maybe I can just change the subject for a while – tell you more about the star balls.†â€Å"That,†Elena said in her most frosty voice, â€Å"might be a rather good idea.†â€Å"Well, the balls make recordings directly from your neurons, you see? Your neurons in your brain. Everything you've ever experienced is there in your mind somewhere, and the ball just draws it out.†â€Å"So you can always remember it and watch it over and over like a movie, too?†Elena said, twiddling with her veil to shade her face from him, and thinking that she would give a star ball to Alaric and Meredith before their wedding. â€Å"No,†Damon said, rather grimly. â€Å"Not like that. For one thing, the memory is gone from you – these are kitsune toys we're talking about, remember? Once the star ball has taken it from your neurons, you don't remember a thing about the event. Second, the ‘recording' on the star ball gradually fades – with use, with time, with some other factors nobody understands. But the ball gets cloudier, and the sensations weaker, until finally it's just an empty crystal sphere.†â€Å"But – that poor man was selling a day of his life. A wonderful day! I should think he would want to keep it.†â€Å"You saw him.†â€Å"Yes.†Once again Elena saw the louse-ridden, haggard, gray-faced old man. She felt something like ice down her spine at the thought that he had once been the laughing, joyous, young John that she had experienced. â€Å"Oh, how sad,†she said, and she wasn't talking about memory. But, for once, Damon hadn't followed her thoughts. â€Å"Yes,†he said. â€Å"There are a lot of the poor and the old here. They worked themselves free of slavery, or had a generous owner die†¦and then this is where they end up.†â€Å"But the star balls? Are they just made for poor people? The rich ones can just travel to Earth and see a real summer day for themselves, right?†Damon laughed without much humor. â€Å"Oh, no, they can't. Most of them are bound here.†He said bound oddly. Elena ventured, â€Å"Too busy to go on vacation?†â€Å"Too busy, too powerful to get through the wards protecting Earth from them, too worried about what their enemies will do while they're gone, too physically decrepit, too notorious, too dead.†â€Å"Dead?†The horror of the tunnel and the corpse-smelling fog seemed ready to envelope Elena. Damon flashed one of his evil smiles. â€Å"Forgot that your boyfriend is de mortius? Not to mention your honorable master? Most people, when they die, go to another level than this – much higher or much lower. This is the place for the bad ones, but it's the upper level. Farther down – well, nobody wants to go there.†â€Å"Like Hell?†Elena breathed. â€Å"We're in Hell?†â€Å"More like Limbo, at least where we are. Then there's the Other Side.†He nodded toward the horizon where the lowering sun still sat. â€Å"The other city, which may have been where you went on your ‘vacation' to the afterlife. Here they just call it ‘The Other Side.' But I can tell you two rumors I heard from my informants. There, they call it the Celestial Court. And there, the sky is crystal blue and the sun is always rising.†â€Å"The Celestial Court†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Elena forgot that she was speaking aloud. She knew instinctively that it was the queens-and-knights-and-sorceresses kind of court, not a court of law. It would be like Camelot. Just saying the words brought up an aching nostalgia, and – not memories, but the tip-of-the-tongue feeling that memories were locked right behind a door. It was a door, however, that was securely locked, and all Elena could see through the keyhole were ranks of more women like the Guardians, tall, golden-haired, and blue-eyed, and one – child-sized among the grown women – who glanced up, and, piercingly, from a long way off, met Elena's gaze directly. The litter was moving out of the bazaar into more slums, which Elena took in with darting quick glances on either side of her, hiding in her veil. They seemed like any earthly slums, barrios, or favella – only worse. Children, their hair turned red by the sun, crowded around Elena's litter, their hands held out in a gesture with universal meaning. Elena felt a tearing at her insides that she had nothing of real value to give them. She wanted to build houses here, make sure these children had food and clean water, and education, and a future to look forward to. Since she had no idea how to give them any of these things, she watched them dash off with treasures such as her Juicy Fruit gum, her comb, her minibrush, her lip gloss, her water bottle, and her earrings. Damon shook his head, but didn't stop her until she began fumbling with a lapis and diamond pendant Stefan had given her. She was crying as she tried to disengage the clasp when suddenly the last bit of the rope around her wrist came up short. â€Å"No more,†Damon said. â€Å"You don't understand anything. We haven't even entered the city proper yet. Why don't you have a look at the architecture instead of worrying about useless brats who're likely to die anyway?†â€Å"That's cold,†Elena said, but she couldn't think of any way to make him understand, and she was too angry with him to try. Still, she stopped fumbling with the chain and looked beyond the slums as Damon had suggested. There she could see a breathtaking skyline, with buildings that seemed meant to last for eternity, made of stones that looked the way the Egyptian pyramids and Mayan ziggurats must have looked when they were new. Everything, though, was colored red and black by a sun now concealed by sullen crimson cloudbanks. That huge red sun – it gave the air a different look for different moods. At times it seemed almost romantic, glinting on a large river Elena and Damon passed, picking out a thousand tiny wavelets in the slow-moving water. At other times, it simply seemed alien and ominous, showing clearly on the horizon like a monstrous omen, tingeing the buildings, no matter how magnificent, the color of blood. When they turned away from it, as the litter bearers moved down into the city where the huge buildings were, Elena could see their own long and menacing black shadow thrown ahead of th em. â€Å"Well? What do you think?†Damon seemed to be trying to placate her. â€Å"I still think it looks like Hell,†Elena said slowly. â€Å"I'd hate to live here.†â€Å"Ah, but whoever said that we should live here, my Princess of Darkness? We'll go back home, where the night is velvet black and the moon shines down, making everything silver.†Slowly, Damon traced one finger from her hand, up her arm to her shoulder. It sent an inner shiver through her. She tried holding the veil up as a barrier against him, but it was too transparent. He still flashed that brilliant smile at her, dazzling through the diamond-dotted white – well, shell pink, of course, because of the light – that was on her side of the veil. â€Å"Does this place have a moon?†she asked, trying to distract him. She was afraid – afraid of him – afraid of herself. â€Å"Oh, yes: three or four of them, I think. But they're very small and of course the sun never goes down, so you can't see them as well. Not†¦romantic.†He smiled at her, again, slowly this time, and Elena looked away. And in looking, she saw something in front of her that captured her entire attention. In a side street a cart had overturned, spilling large rolls made out of fur and leather. There was a thin, hungry-looking old woman attached to the cart like a beast, who was lying on the ground, and a tall angry man standing over her, raining down blows with a whip on her unprotected body. The woman's face was turned toward Elena. It was contorted in a grimace of anguish, as she tried ineffectually to roll into a ball, her hands over her stomach. She was naked from the waist up, but as the whip lashed into her flesh, her body from throat to waist was being covered by a coating of blood. Elena felt herself swelling with Wing Powers, but somehow none would come. She willed with all her circulating life-force for something – anything – to break free from her shoulders, but it was no good. Maybe it had something to do with wearing the remains of slave bracelets. Maybe it was Damon, beside her, telling her in a forceful voice not to get involved. To Elena, his words were no more than punctuation to the heartbeat pounding in her ears. She jerked the rope sharply out of his hands, and then scrambled out of the litter. In six or seven leaps she was beside the man with the whip. He was a vampire, his fangs elongated at the sight of the blood before him, but never stopping his frenzied lashing. He was too strong for Elena to handle, but†¦ With one more step Elena was straddling the woman, both her arms flung out in the universal gesture of protection and defiance. Rope dangled from one wrist. The slave owner was not impressed. He was already launching the next whiplash, and it struck Elena across the cheek and simultaneously opened a great gap in her thin summer top, slicing through her camisole and scoring the flesh underneath. As she gasped, the tail of the whip cut through her jeans as if denim were butter. Tears formed involuntarily in Elena's eyes, but she ignored them. She had managed not to make a sound other than that initial gasp. And she still stood exactly where she had first landed in protection. Elena could feel the wind whip at her tattered blouse, while her untouched veil waved behind her, as if to protect the poor slave who had collapsed against the ruined cart. Elena was still desperately trying to bring out any kind of Wings. She wanted to fight with real weapons, and she had them, but she couldn't force them to save either her or the poor slave behind her. Even without them Elena knew one thing. That bastard in front of her wasn't going to touch his slave again, not unless he cut Elena into pieces first. Someone stopped to stare, and someone else came out of a shop, running. When the children who'd been trailing her litter surrounded her, wailing, a crowd of sorts gathered. Apparently it was one thing to see a merchant beating his worn-out drab – the people around here must have seen that almost daily. But to see this beautiful new girl having her clothes slashed away, this girl with hair like golden silk under a veil of gold and white, and eyes that perhaps reminded some of them of a barely remembered blue sky – that was quite another thing. Moreover, the new girl was obviously a fresh barbarian slave who had clearly humiliated her master by tearing the lead ropes from his hands and was standing now with her sanctity veil made into a mockery. Terrific street theater. And even given all of that, the slave owner was preparing for another stroke, raising his arm high and preparing to put his back into it. A few people in the crowd gasped; others were muttering indignantly. Elena's new sense of hearing, turned up high, could catch their whispering. A girl like this wasn't meant for the slums at all; she must have been destined for the heart of the city. Her aura alone was enough to show that. In fact, with that golden hair and those vivid blue eyes, she might even be a Guardian from the Other Side. Who knew – ? The lash that was raised never descended. Before it could, there was a flash of black lightning – pure Power – that sent half the crowd scattering. A vampire, young in appearance and dressed in the clothing of the upper world, Earth, had made his way to stand between the golden girl and the slave owner – or rather to loom over the now cringing slave owner. The few in the crowd not stirred by the girl immediately felt their hearts pulse at the sight of him. He was the girl's owner, surely, and now he would see to the situation. At that instant, Bonnie and Meredith arrived on the scene. They were reclining on their litter, decorously draped in their veils, Meredith in starry midnight blue and Bonnie in soft pale green. They could have been an illustration for The Arabian Nights. But the moment they saw Damon and Elena, they most indecorously jumped off the litter. By now the crowd was so thick that working their way to the front required using elbows and knees, but in only seconds they were at Elena's side, hands defiantly unbound or trailing rope that hung defiantly free, veils floating in the wind. When they did arrive beside Elena, Meredith gasped. Bonnie's eyes opened wide and stayed that way. Elena understood what they were seeing. Blood was flowing freely from the cut across her cheekbone and her blouse kept opening in the wind to reveal her torn and bloody camisole. One leg of her jeans was rapidly turning red. But, drawn up into the protection of her shadow, was a far more pitiful figure. And as Meredith raised Elena's diaphanous veil to help keep her blouse closed and once more enshroud her in decency, the woman herself raised her head, to look at the three girls with the eyes of a dumb and hunted animal. Behind them, Damon said softly, â€Å"I shall quite enjoy this,†as he lifted the heavy man into the air with one hand and then struck his throat like a cobra. There was a hideous scream, which went on and on. No one tried to interfere, and no one tried to cheer the slave owner on to make a fight. Elena, scanning the faces of the crowd, realized why. She and her friends had become used to Damon – or as used as you could become to his half-tamed air of ferocity. But these people were getting their first look at the young man dressed all in black, of medium height and slim build, who made up for his lack of bulging muscle with a supple and deadly grace. This was enhanced by the gift of somehow dominating all the space around him, so that he effortlessly became the focal point of any picture – the way a black panther might become the focal point if it were walking lazily down a crowded city street. Even here, where menace and an aspect of outright evil were commonplace, this young man exuded a quality of danger that made people want to stay out of his line of sight, much less his way. Meanwhile Elena and both Meredith and Bonnie were looking around for some sort of medical assistance, or even for something clean that would staunch wounds. After about a minute, they realized that it wasn't just going to appear, so Elena appealed to the crowd. â€Å"Does anyone know a doctor? A healer?†she shouted. The audience merely watched her. They seemed loath to get involved with a girl who had obviously defied the black-clad demon now wringing the slave owner's neck. â€Å"So you all think it's just fine,†Elena shouted, hearing the loss of control, the disgust and fury in her own voice, â€Å"for a bastard like that to be whipping a starving pregnant woman?†There were a few downcast eyes, a few scattered replies on the theme of â€Å"He was her master, wasn't he?†But one youngish man who had been leaning against a stopped wagon, straightened up. â€Å"Pregnant?†he repeated. â€Å"She doesn't look pregnant!†â€Å"She is!†â€Å"Well,†the young man said slowly, â€Å"if that's true, he's only harming his own merchandise.†He glanced nervously over to where Damon was now standing above the deceased slave owner, whose face was cast into a ghastly death grimace of agony. This still left Elena with no help for a woman she was afraid was about to die. â€Å"Doesn't anyone know where I can find a doctor?†There were now mutterings in various tones from the crowd members. â€Å"We might get further on if we could offer them some money,†Meredith was saying. Elena immediately reached for her pendant, but Meredith was quicker, unfastening a fancy amethyst necklace from around her neck and holding it up. â€Å"This goes to whoever shows us a good doctor first.†There was a pause while everyone seemed to be assessing the reward and the risk. â€Å"Don't you have any star balls?†a wheezing voice asked, but a high, light voice cried, â€Å"That's good enough for me!†A child – yes, a genuine street urchin – darted to the front of the crowd, grabbed Elena's hand and pointed, saying, â€Å"Dr. Meggar, right up the street. It's only a couple of blocks; we can walk it.†The child was wrapped in a tattered old dress, but that might only be to keep warm, because he or she was also wearing a pair of trousers. Elena couldn't even figure out whether it was a boy or a girl until the child gave her an unexpectedly sweet smile and whispered, â€Å"I'm Lakshmi.†â€Å"I'm Elena,†Elena said. â€Å"Better hurry, Elena,†Lakshmi said. â€Å"Guardians will get here soon.†Meredith and Bonnie had gotten the dazed slave woman to her feet, but she seemed to be in too much pain to understand if they meant to help her or kill her. Elena remembered how the woman had huddled in the shadow of Elena's own body. She put a hand on the woman's bloody arm and said quietly, â€Å"You're safe now. You're going to be fine. That man – your†¦your master – is dead and I promise that nobody will hurt you again. I swear it.†The woman stared at her in disbelief, as if what Elena was saying was impossible. As if living without being beaten constantly – even with all the blood Elena could see old scars, some of them like cords, on the woman's skin – was something too far from reality to imagine. â€Å"I swear it,†Elena said again, not smiling, but grimly. She understood that this was a burden she was taking on for life. It's all right, she thought, and realized that for some time now she had been sending her thoughts to Damon. I know what I'm doing. I'm ready to be responsible for this. Are you sure? Damon's voice came to her, as uncertain as she'd ever heard him. Because I'm sure as hell not going to take care of some old hag when you get tired of her. I'm not even sure I'm ready to deal with whatever it's going to cost me for killing that bastard with the whip. Elena turned to look at him. He was serious. Well, then why did you kill him? she challenged. Are you joking? Damon gave her a shock with the vehemence and venom of his thought. He hurt you. I should have killed him more slowly, he added, ignoring one of the litter bearers who was kneeling beside him, undoubtedly asking what to do next. Damon's eyes, however, were on Elena's face, on the blood still flowing from her cut. Il figlio de cafone, Damon thought, his lips drawing back from his teeth as he looked down on the corpse, so that even the litter bearer scurried away on hands and knees. â€Å"Damon, don't let him leave! Bring them all over here right now – †Elena began, and then, as there was a sort of universal gasp around her, she continued nonverbally, Don't let the litter bearers leave. We need a litter to carry this poor woman to the doctor. And why is everyone staring at me? Because you're a slave, and you've just done things no slave should do and now you're giving me, your master, orders. Damon's telepathic voice was grim. It's not an order. It's a – look, any gentleman would help a lady in distress, right? Well, there are four of us over here and one is more distressed than you want to look at. No, three are. I think I'm going to need some stitches, and Bonnie is about to collapse. Elena was striking methodically at weak points, and knew that Damon knew she was doing it. But he ordered one of the sets of litter bearers to come and pick up the slave woman and the other to take his girls. Elena stuck with the woman and ended up in a litter with the curtains all closed around it. The smell of blood was a copper taste in her mouth, making her want to cry. Even she didn't want to look closely at the slave woman's injuries, but blood was running onto the litter. She found herself taking off her blouse and camisole and putting back only the blouse so that she could use the camisole to hold to a great diagonal slash across the woman's chest. Every time the woman raised dark brown, frightened eyes to her, Elena tried to smile at her encouragingly. They were down deep somewhere in the trenches of communication, where a look and a touch meant more than words. Don't die, Elena was thinking. Don't die, just as you have something to live for. Live for your freedom, and for your baby. And maybe some of what she was thinking got through to the woman, because she relaxed against the litter cushions, holding on to Elena's hand.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Human Trafficking Essay - 863 Words
After the illegal drug-trade human trafficking is the fastest increasing criminal industry. Human trafficking is commonly referred to as modern-day slavery. This is the illegal trade of human beings for forced labor or for exploitation. Exploitation referring to the use of others for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, or the removal of organs. Woman and young children living in poverty are the ones who usually fall in the trap of the traffickers. Due to poverty many women are not educated and are not employed leaving them with no choice but to sell their bodies to provide for their families. An approximated 17,500 foreigners are trafficked each year in the United States alone, the†¦show more content†¦The treatment of the disease among the prostituted woman has not made sex trafficking and prostitution less likely to occur, but has increased the numbers of younger girls being traded. Clients sense that these younger girls a re virgins and are uninfected by the virus, making them more popular. BBC News reported that South Africa and India are leading with the highest numbers of infected people with HIV/AIDS in the world. South Africa being the first, having 5.1 million living with the disease and India being second by having a rapid increase in numbers of infected woman due to sex trafficking. BBC News reported: In big red light districts, such as Sonagachi in Calcutta, where at least 10,000 prostitutes make a living, some men continue to insist on sex without condoms., The trafficked girls are forced to oblige. Many come from rural villages and do not know what Aids is before they are sold to pimps., And as they are moved around the country they can unwittingly spread the disease. The United States government is committed to fight against human trafficking at home and abroad. The Trafficking victims Protection Act was signed in the year 2000. An extract from the Act states: †¦enhances pre-existing criminal penalties, affords new protections to trafficking victims and makes available certain benefits and serves to victims of severe forms of trafficking. It also establishes aShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Essay1431 Words  | 6 PagesHuman Trafficking in China Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Situation of Human Trafficking in China 3 Causes 5 Possible Solution 7 Conclusion 8 Bibliography Read More human trafficking Essay778 Words  | 4 Pages human trafficking issues: the article starts out with a clear emphasis on the cooperation between the different segments of society; cooperation between the state, civil society , and religious groups and institutions on the issues of human trafficking and prostitution, stating how they are immoral, illegal, unethical and how they should be considered as a taboo by societies in Europe, especially Cyprus since the exploitation of women has been rapidly increasing recently. 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Exploitation referring to the using others for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forcedRead MoreHuman Trafficking is Slavery Essay1605 Words  | 7 Pages In this essay, the history of human trafficking will be examined, followed by who is affected by trafficking. Next the scope and types of exploitation will be discussed. Human trafficking is an issue that affects countries all over the world. Governments have made an effort to curb trafficking, however these efforts have been very narrowly focused. American ignorance has led to poor handling of the issues by policy makers. Finally the essay will discuss a proposed solution and set some goals forRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking 1765 Words  | 8 Pagesfor human traffickingâ€â€with tens of thousands of people trafficked into the country each year. Many people believe that since the United States is th e land of opportunities, events like human trafficking do not exist; little do they know it happens everywhere. Human trafficking is a worldwide problem that plagues the United States; many people are oblivious to the issue and action needs to be taken to protect the innocent people who are involved. The United States is a major port for human traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay793 Words  | 4 Pagesmarriage and prostitution on the rise, it leaves a great gap for perverts everywhere. The civil war was once upon a time and we must keep it that way. Being the most prominent part of the sex industry human trafficking is bubbling. In fact just this past month the number of human trafficking that occurred in South Africa, spiked due to the world cup (Barr and Noren 1). With testosterone and hype in the air any male will say yes to a good rump in the sacks. As we know when things are going on outsideRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay1195 Words  | 5 Pagesslavery was abolished in the United States. At least that it was most Americans believe but that is not the case. In today’s society we have an issue that is just a horrific as slavery back in the day. It is the trafficking of women and children. The online Oxford Dictionary defines human trafficking as, â€Å" the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.†Therefore, this is modern day slavery. Women and children are being tortured, abused, andRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking Crime1303 Words  | 6 PagesHuman trafficking is one of the most gfmoney making crime in the world? 1] (Amanda Kloer, March 15th 2011) Do you know human trafficking is slavery and happening everywhere, including where you live. It’s happening to many normal people like you. Most products that you buy from the supermarket like food, clothes, and shoes are made by people who were trafficked to factories.Will human trafficking stop if we legalize it? Human trafficking has become a global problem, as it happens everywhere to all
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Definition and Examples of Language Change
Language change is the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the features and the use of a language over time. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. Types of language change include sound changes, lexical changes, semantic changes, and syntactic changes. The branch of linguistics that is expressly concerned with changes in a language (or in languages) over time is historical linguistics (also known as diachronic linguistics). Examples and Observations For centuries people have speculated about the causes of language change. The problem is not one of thinking up possible causes, but of deciding which to take seriously...Even when we have eliminated the lunatic fringe theories, we are left with an enormous number of possible causes to take into consideration. Part of the problem is that there are several different causative factors at work, not only in language as a whole but also in any one change...We can begin by dividing proposed causes of change into two broad categories. On the one hand, there are external sociolinguistic factors  that is, social factors outside the language system. On the other hand, there are internal psycholinguistic ones  that is, linguistic and psychological factors which reside in the structure of the language and the minds of the speakers.(Jean Aitchison, Language Change: Progress or Decay? 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001)Words on the Way OutAmidst and amongst are all rather for mal, almost affected, now, and are more usually encountered in high-brow writing, less usually in speech. This suggests that these forms are on the way out. They will probably bite the dust, just as betwixt and erst have done...(Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011)Anthropological Perspective on Language ChangeThere are many factors influencing the rate at which language changes, including the attitudes of the speakers toward borrowing and change. When most members of a speech community value novelty, for example, their language will change more quickly. When most members of a speech community value stability, then their language will change more slowly. When a particular pronunciation or word or grammatical form or turn of phrase is regarded as more desirable, or marks its users as more important or powerful, then it will be adopted and imitated more rapidly than otherwise...The important thing to remember about change i s that, as long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.(Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer, The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, 2009)A Prescriptivist Perspective on Language ChangeI see no absolute Necessity why any Language would be perpetually changing.(Jonathan Swift, Proposal for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue, 1712)Sporadic and Systematic Changes in LanguageChanges in language may be systematic or sporadic. The addition of a vocabulary item to name a new product, for example, is a sporadic change that has little impact on the rest of the lexicon. Even some phonological changes are sporadic. For instance, many speakers of English pronounce the word catch to rhyme with wretch rather than hatch...Systematic changes, as the term suggests, affect an entire system or subsystem of the language... A conditioned systematic change is brought about by context or environment, whe ther linguistic or extralinguistic. For many speakers of English, the short e vowel (as in bet) has, in some words, been replaced by a short i vowel (as in bit), For these speakers, pin and pen, him and hem are homophones (words pronounced the same). This change is conditioned because it occurs only in the context of a following m or n; pig and peg, hill and hell, middle and meddle are not pronounced alike for these speakers.(C.M. Millward, A Biography of the English Language, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1996)The Wave Model of Language Change[T]he distribution of regional language features may be viewed as the result of language change through geographical space over time. A change is initiated at one locale at a given point in time and spreads outward from that point in progressive stages so that earlier changes reach the outlying areas later. This model of language change is referred to as the wave model ...(Walt Wolfram and Natalie Schilling-Estes, American English: Dialects and Vari ation. Blackwell, 1998)Geoffrey Chaucer on Changes in the Forme of SpeecheYe knowe ek that in forme of speeche is chaungeWithinne a thousand yeer, and wordes thoThat hadden pris, now wonder nyce and straungeUs thinketh hem, and yet thei spake hem so,And spedde as wel in love as men now do;Ek for to wynnen love in sondry ages,In sondry londes, sondry ben usages.[You know also that in (the) form of speech (there) is changeWithin a thousand years, and words thenThat had value, now wonderfully curious and strange(To) us they seem, and yet they spoke them so,And succeeded as well in love as men now do;Also to win love in sundry ages,In sundry lands, (there) are many usages.](Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, late 14th century. Translation by Roger Lass in Phonology and Morphology. A History of the English Language, edited by Richard M. Hogg and David Denison. Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Friday, December 20, 2019
Oil Companies And Economic Power - 1380 Words
Argumentative Essay: Oil Companies and Economic Power Introduction In the modern world energy has become very important since it helps drive most industrial as well as home based activities. For more than a hundred years, oil has been used to provide to this vast energy requirements. Oil companies around the world have facilitated the exploration, drilling, refinery and distribution of oil in their defined regions. The industrial part that oil companies play can be considered to be much greater than the domestic role. Oil companies produce diesel, petroleum, liquid petroleum gas and other products which are used to drive industrial machines used in production of various commodities. By this virtue, oil companies become an integral part of an economy (Marcel, Valerie, and John V. Mitchell, 98). Oil companies operate in defined regions where oil exploration and possible drilling is done. However some companies such as Shell BP engage in international drilling and distribution of oil products. Below are some of the most renowned oil companies in their constituent continents: Africa: Sasol of South of South Africa and National Petroleum Company of Congo. In Asia some of the leading oil companies include Nobel Group and the Bahrain Oil Company. It is important to note that Asia has a lot of oil resources and hence have extensive oil drilling activities. In Europe we have Partex oil and Gas Company, in South America three is Bridas Corporation based in Argentina. North AmericaShow MoreRelatedOil Companies And Economic Power1554 Words  | 7 Pages Oil Companies and Economic Power Introduction In the modern world energy has become very important since it helps drive most industrial as well as home based activities. The process that leads to production of the world’s largest energy provider, Oil, however has continued to receive criticism. This is so since production of Gasoline, Natural Gas, Kerosene as well as other components present in crude oil leads to some forms of environmental pollution. This has led to devastating climatic changesRead MoreA Report On Saudi Electricity Company1017 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction The company that I will discuss in my paper is Saudi Electricity Company. I had worked there for around 10 years (2004-2013). I started as Design Engineer C, then, I got promoted several times until becoming Planner Engineer A. Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) was reformed in 2000 as a joint stock company with paid-up capital of 33 billion SAR ($8.8 billion). Three-quarter of its shares is belonging to the government and one-quarter owned by Saudi Aramco, the third largest crude oil company in theRead MoreEssay about OPEC Presentation1377 Words  | 6 Pagesproducers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. †¢ OPEC was formed at a time when the international oil market was largely dominated by multinational companies (the seven sisters‘). OPECs ‘Policy Statement states that there is a right of all countries to exercise sovereignty over their natural resources. †¢ Because OPEC is an organization of countries (not oil companies), individual members haveRead MorePolitical And Economic Development Of Russia s Oil1512 Words  | 7 Pages Jack D Sharples HSE International Conference April 2012- 3 - of Russia’s oil, has been 100 percent state-owned since its creation in 1992(Transneft, 2012).This response was part of the emergence of a broader state-capitalist model of political and economic development. Economically, this has involved increasing statecontrol over strategic sectors of the Russian economy beyond oil and gas, such as banking, electric power, the media, aviation, the automotive industry, machine- building (Pappe andRead MoreOccidental Petroleum Corporation s International Company Exploration Oils And Gas1248 Words  | 5 PagesExecutive summary An Occidental Petroleum Corporation. It’s international company exploration oils and gas. Company will conduct to work with each section as following: gas and oils, marketing and chemical. Develop and survey natural gas and oils In USA and abroad as well. The Occidental Petroleum does business in 3 sectors: natural gas and oils, midstream and marketing, chemical and so on. Exploration natural gas and oils in domestic are situated in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and North Dakota.Read MoreEssay on Oil Conflict in Nigeria1259 Words  | 6 PagesOil Conflict in Nigeria Introduction This paper will discuss the Oil conflict that is occurring in Nigeria. Discussed will be the types of power that the two feuding parties are using and whether their strategies have been effective as well as the influence they have had on the conflict. The contrasting cultural differences and similarities will be discussed as well. The conflict in Nigeria has turned deadly and a successful communication environment must be developed in order to restore peaceRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Impact On The Economic, Political, And Social Construct Of Texas Essay1215 Words  | 5 PagesS. is now ranked as one of the world’s largest producer of oil and natural gas liquids, creating about 50 percent of its own oil in 2014. The Lone Star State produces about 35 percent of the country’s oil and 23 percent of the country’s natural gas. Texas has always been a major center for oil and natural gas companies starting from the discovery of oil in the early 1900’s. Cons equently, fossil fuels play a significant role in the economic, political, and social construct of Texas. However, scientificRead MoreBenefits and Drawbacks of Countries Dependent on Oil and Gas Essay851 Words  | 4 Pages1 – Global Resources The distribution of natural resources like oil and gas are unevenly distributed across the world (Stutz, 2007). This essay will explain where the majority of oil and gas is located. Thereafter, the focus will be on the benefits and drawbacks of countries that are dependent on oil/gas. Finally, a conclusion will be given which sums up the most important factors. Allocation Oil/Gas The majority of the oil reserves are located in the Middle East. An estimate of 65% of theRead MoreJD ROCKAFELLER1722 Words  | 7 Pageshow Standard Oil had changed society with references to the levels and spheres of corporate power discusses in the chapter, I would say that the power of economic, cultural and political of the Standard Oil has led to the big changes to the society. Based on the text book mentioned that â€Å"Rockefeller’s company was capitalized at 70$ million and produced 90 percent of the nation’s refining output.†This has shown how strong the economic power of Standard Oil is. The Standard Oil Company built the facilitiesRead MoreGlobalization and Its Effects on Mexico1055 Words  | 5 Pagesnation has the second longest border with the United States, significant oil resources, and the 11th largest population in the world. Mexico underwent all the necessary free market changes to help support globalization despite initial resistance, but they are yet to complete the interior microeconomic makeover they drastically need. Mexico has many things working for them but continue to underperform when it comes to global power and economy, China out performs Mexico for low-cost manufactured goods
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Influencing & Making Decisions-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Introduce efficiencies within an Organization that may result in job losses, including long standing Employees. Answer: Rephrase problem situation In order to survive in a challenging environment, it is important to maintain the efficiency of an organisation. The efficiency can come in the form of resources, assets, capabilities and structure of an organisation(Streak, 2011). The systems used in order to enhance the potential of an organisation can help in increasing the prospect of success of the organisation. The report analysis these issues and identifies the causes for the occurrence of loss of jobs for the employees. The report also analyses the activities of a group of members involved in making decisions about the topic at hand. The process undertaken by the group in order to take the decision and the method adopted by the members are analysed. The comparison is made between the method adopted by the group with the general method may suitable for coming to a conclusion regarding group decision activities. As mentioned by (Harvey, 2013) increasing the efficiency of an organisation enhances the quality of work. This is because the employees are exposed to various techniques and expertise that can be considered as a positive factor for the employees. The efficiency of an organisation can be increased by making certain changes that are important for its success. The changes required at the workplace are identified based on the performance of each employee and department of an organisation. For example, efficiency can be maintained in enhancing the communication pattern of an organisation. This can help in improving the share of important information between one departments of an organisation to another. It can also help to improve the relationship between employee and employer(Levine, 2013). The skills of an employee can also be enhanced by applying proper technique such as training and development. In the modern world, the advent of technology is another method by which skills of an empl oyee and the efficiency of an organisation can be improved. This is mainly because technologies help to reduce the workload of the employees and carry out effective and accurate results. According to (Bancroft, 2012), in order to increase the efficiency of an organisation, managers need to follow simple steps that can help in gaining success. These steps need to be followed in a systematic manner in order to understand gain successful solution in trying to improve the standards of the organisation. The first and foremost requirement is identifying the values, objectives and goals. This can help in understanding the response of the employees during situations that lead to stress. Description and value provided by the business need to be defined in order to help employees and customers to form a clear idea about the business. In the case of purchase and sales of the products, it is necessary to document the strategies and provide an explanation about the type of promotional activity that is required. (Cole, 2012) stated that training of employees is one of the most effective manners by which efficiency can be increased. Designing the workflow and developing communicati on can also help to increase the efficiency of an organisation. However, research shows that increasing the efficiency of an organisation does not always help an organisation in a positive manner. At times, it is seen that employees lose the job due to the increase in efficiency. (Mintzi, 2011) observed that the foundation of a good business is the increased number of talents of the employees. The employees of an organisation provide the main source of increasing profitability of an organisation. Thus, conserving the interests of the employees is important for an organisation. In this regard, it can be said that the changes made in an organisation while trying to increase the efficiency can bring about resistance from the employees. This is mainly because most employees fear the loss of job due to backdated skills. Most employees are unaware of the application and use of new technologies that are used in order to increase the efficiency. Hence, this becomes a concern for the employees in terms of adjusting to the changed systems of an organisation. (Moreland, 2013) stated that employees lose a job due to the failure to continue with the changes, failure in morale, complete work within a deadline and so on. This can be the reason for the increased efficiency o f an organisation. The failure to complete work within time can be because the improved technologies can be considered as an out of expertise experience for the employees. This is considered as one of the main reason behind the loss of jobs of people. Hence, increasing the efficiencies can cause positivity as well as negativity in an organisation. Decisions made by the group The topic tries to analyse the reasons for the loss of work among employees due to the increase in efficiency at the workplace. The analysis of the topic revealed positive as well as negative factors that are involved with increasing the efficiency of an organisation. As observed by (Rhee, 2017) the loss of jobs is due to the emergence of factors that are perceived as negative by the employees. In this regard, decisions need to be made regarding the negative effect of increasing efficiency and providing recommendations about the ways to improve the mentality of the employees in an organisation. The decisions made by the group are based on the analysis of the impact of efficiency in the organisations. As seen in the analysis, increase in the efficiency of the employees results in a positive feedback in an organisation. This is because employees feel motivated due to the emergence of new systems and the manner in which technology can be used in order to make the workload less (Stienessen, 2013). Apart from this, the skills of the employees are also enhanced due to the existence of improved systems in the organisations. Hence, it can be said that in order to attain success in the workplace, the managers need to incorporate the efficiencies in the form of changes in the organisation. However, it has been seen that changes incorporated in an organisation often leads to resistance from employees. Changes come in the form of resources, capabilities and the number of employees that are employed. Hence, this becomes a challenge for employees that do not have a high skill to survive in the workplace. As stated by (Theiner, 2013), an introduction of efficiencies can help in enhancing the sk ill sets, however; it is to be kept in mind that the manner in which the employees perceive the efficiencies can result in frustration. The decision taken by the group is based on two factors that involve the reasons for employees to leave an organisation and the reasons behind an employee are made to leave an organisation. Both situations arise due to the failure to reach the objectives of an employee. (Waller, 2016) opined that an employee is provided with knowledge and training regarding the expectations after being recruited in an organisation. Hence, it is necessary for the employees to uphold the values and goals so that they do not fear even during the time of change. It has also been seen that on some occasions the employees do not agree on decisions made by the organisation. This is because the perception and beliefs of the employees are different from that of the managers. (Nonacs, 2014) stated that such an occasion usually occurs if the managers focus only on profit making rather than the goodwill of the employees. In this regard, it can be said that leaving an organisation based on poor management cannot be considered as an effect of improving the efficiency of the organisation. Apart from this, the other reasons that arise include lack of recognition. (Emery, 2013) opined that the lack of recognition can be viewed as a positive as well as a negative factor as recognition can be attained only after developing proper skill. Proper contribution at the workplace may help an employee to gain recognition in an organisation. This cannot be possible if the employee does not contribute well. Hence, feeling of frustration based on lack of recognition cannot be taken as an example of improving efficiencies and loss of a job. In this regard, it can be said that the group had to undertake these analyses in order to understand the effectiveness of the situation. The positive, as well as the negative factors of increasing efficiency, can be attributed to the fact that employees need to perceive the good things that happen in an organisation in a proper manner. Employees perceiving themselves as a backdated need to take an active part in accepting the efficient techniques for a further career growth. The analysis was also conducted about the use of certain theoretical approach such as Lewin's change management model. The fact that such a change management model can be used in order to understand the analysis of the effectiveness of efficiency in the organisation can be related to the topic. (Xia, 2013) observed that such a critical analysis of the issue needs to be undertaken by conducting a minute yet effective process. This process requires systematic management and a proper team leader so that every detail about the topic can be understood. Process undertaken by the group In order to be effective as a group, it is required that the team members develop a mutual understanding of one another. The strengths and weakness of each of the member need to be analysed in order to build an efficient team that can help in solving problems (Saaty, 2013). This can be done by proper interaction among the team members. In this regard, the process undertaken in order to conclude regarding the topic can be analysed. The process undertaken involves the use of group theories that define working in a group. The use of Belbins team role has been used in order to conduct a systematic approach to the problem. However, before the application of the theory, each team member was assigned a role based on the talents that they possess. From the analysis of the talents of the team, it is seen that the team members needed to trust among one another in order to identify the necessary contributions that they can make. According to (Chen, 2013), Belbins team role is effective in order to delegate roles that are best suited for an individual. An individual can excel in the role given to him in a team if the roles are attributed to the particular skill set of the person. Belbin's teamwork manages to identify the skills of the employees and ensure that every employee gets a team role based on the talent. In order to be successful as a team, it is necessary to maintain 9 roles that can help in attaining the organisational as well as the team goals. The roles can be broadly classified into three levels according to a specific value that the roles provide. The first set of roles involves the cerebral roles. People with the ability to remain creative, sober and single-minded are usually fitted in this category. The rules include Plant, Monitor evaluator and Specialist. These people have the ability to solve difficult problems and judge situations accurately. (Palomares, 2014) observed that these employees need to provide knowledge and skills that of rare ideas that are either obsolete or creative. However, a potential weakness of these roles is that lacks the ability to inspire others and mainly depends upon the technologies. The second set involves the people-oriented roles. This involves the Co-ordinator, Team worker and Resource Investigator. These people are matured, confident, co-operative and extrovert. They develop contacts with other people and listens to the opinions of others before promoting a decision. (Chiclana, 2013) opined that these people can sometimes be perceived as manipulative. They even remain indecisive in crunch situations and fail to take proper decisions. Another weakness is that these people tend to lose interest in a project after the initial enthusiasm is achieved. The third set of roles involves the action-oriented roles. These involve the Shapers, Implementer and Finisher. (Marshall, 2017) stated that these people challenging, conscious and disciplined during the time of work. They help to eliminate obstacles by motivating people and turns ideas into practical actions. Proper monitoring identifies any error or flaw and delivery of the solution is made in time after rectifying the mistakes. However, these people can be provoked easily and the rudeness offends the feelings of other people. They are inflexible and tend to worry more than the rest of the members of the team. According to (Lyndon, 2015), the roles delegated to these people involve the final execution of a team project. Hence, any changes that need to be made during this stage are met with a slow response. It can be said that the application of Belbins team role can have helped the team to identify the talents and develop significant roles for the team. Some of the more experienced members were asked to maintain the people oriented-roles based on the characteristics they possess. Apart from the use of theories related to team roles, analysis of the other theories that lead to the loss of jobs or turnover of employees are analysed. Theories that involve motivation were used in order to understand the ways to retain employees. Lewins change management model was also analysed in order to understand the ways to mitigate resistance of employees related to changes in an organisation. Hence, the manner in which the progress was made helped in a systematic analysis of the problem along with a clear understanding of the ways to approach the topic. However, certain recommendations are also required in order to be more effective in team management. Comparing group-decision making technique (Loebl, 2015) stated that in order to be successful as a group, it is important that the team members work together and share every information that is available with one another. However, in order to gain such information, it is necessary that the team members develop a technique that can be useful to search and collect information. Furthermore, the techniques also help in making the group decision making easier and employees can focus on areas of further improvement after the analysis of a topic (Beshears, 2015). In this regard, it can be said that certain techniques that can be used for effective group decision-making technique are described in a broader manner. The comparison is made between the techniques adopted for reaching a potential decision about the topic with the techniques that exist. One such technique involves the process of brainstorming. According to (Cole, 2012), brainstorming is used to generate ideas that are unique. Such ideas can be applied to the presentation of a problem related to general ideas. In this method, the team leader or the group leader presents a problem in front of the employees. The problem is analysed based on the possible solutions that exist and the manner unique manner in which it can be solved. The ideas presented by the members are taken in a round-robin manner in which every member presents more than a solution that can be useful for reaching a potential solution. As observed by (Palomares, 2014) brainstorming does not always help to solve the problem, instead, it helps in providing creative solutions that are effective in terms of analysing a particular case from various perspectives. However, the positive thing about brainstorming is the fact that it does not generate any critical ideas from any of the members that are involved in the team. Understanding of the situation is important in order to provide the effective solution to the people. Apart from this other technique that can be used involves the nominal group technique that helps in identifying the problems and evaluating it. According to (Stienessen, 2013), this technique can be effective as people spend five to ten minutes writing the ideas without discussing it. After this, the members provide their ideas individually which are written on a flip chart. This is a systematic process as every step is analysed before progressing to the next step of the technique. Hence, this technique has been criticised as lengthy and time consuming owing to a step-by-step analysis of the technique. Voting on a decision is carried out in order to identify the best and suitable technique that can be applied in order to mitigate the situation. The discussion of the results, generate more ideas and in this manner, the cycle continues. Both these methods are different from one another in terms of techniques used in order to approach a group discussion session. Both the techniques help in creating a relaxing atmosphere in the team and provide a creative feeling among the members of the group. Having analysed the techniques, co mparison of the techniques used for undertaking the topic can be conducted. The group discussion technique that is used includes the Delphi method. According to (Xia, 2013), the Delphi method is used for reaching a consensus without being influenced by any members of an organisation. Usually, this happens within the team in which the experienced members try to dominate the junior members. This creates a sense of dissatisfaction among the team members and creates mistrust among the team members. This method is used in forecasting the potential outcomes of a topic with a traditional view from the experts of a particular project. Questionnaires are mailed to the experts in order to identify the view of the experts about the topic at hand; In this case, however, no such questionnaires were provided instead a secondary analysis was conducted in order to understand the topic. Hence, it can be said that the use of the Delphi technique has helped in conducting the research of the topic in an effective manner. Thus, it can be said that the use of brainstorming technique can help in the effective analysis of a topic. It is required that the team leaders provide excessive support to the team members in order to encourage creative ideas. This can be helpful for every member as the team can understand the topic in an explicit manner and provide instant and positive solutions that can be useful in order to complete the project in an efficient manner. Bibliography Bancroft, S. G. (2012). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly , 644-675. Beshears, J. . (2015). Leaders as decision architects. Harvard Business Review , 52-62. Chen, N. X. (2013). Interval-valued hesitant preference relations and their applications to group decision making. Knowledge-Based Systems , 528-540. Chiclana, F. G.-V. (2013). A statistical comparative study of different similarity measures of consensus in group decision making. Information Sciences , 110-213. Cole, J. D. (2012). Peer group behavior and social status. Peer rejection in childhood, , 17. Emery, C. C. (2013). Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership. Group Processes Intergroup Relations , 28-45. Harvey, S. . (2013). Collective engagement in creative tasks: The role of evaluation in the creative process in groups. Administrative Science Quarterly , 346-386. Levine, A. . (2013). Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group. The Journal of Politics, , 35. Loebl, E. M. (2015). Group theory and its applications. London: Academic Press. Lyndon, R. C. (2015). Combinatorial group theory. Berlin: Springer. Marshall, J. A. (2017). Individual Confidence-Weighting and Group Decision-Making. Trends in Ecology Evolution , 636-645. Mintzi, A. (2011). Non-adaptive group behavior. The Journal of abnormal and social psychology , 150. Moreland, R. L. (2013). Creating the ideal group: Composition effects at work. Understanding group behavior , 11-35. Nonacs, P. . (2014). Cultural evolution and emergent group-level traits through social heterosis. Behavioral group dynamics , 266-267. Palomares, I. M. (2014). A consensus model to detect and manage noncooperative behaviors in large-scale group decision making. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems , 516-530. Rhee, Y. W. (2017). Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in-group social status as moderating contingency. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 813-832. Saaty, T. L. (2013). Group decision making: drawing out and reconciling differences. RWS publications , 444. Stienessen, S. C. (2013). The effect of disparate information on individual fish movements and emergent group behavior. Behavioral Ecology , 1150-1160. Streak, M. E. (2011). Group dynamics: The psychology of small group behaviour. London: Pearson. Theiner, G. (2013). Transactive memory systems: A mechanistic analysis of emergent group memory. Review of Philosophy and Psychology , 65-89. Waller, M. J. (2016). Conceptualizing emergent states: A strategy to advance the study of group dynamics. Academy of Management Annals , 561-598. Xia, M. X. (2013). Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership. Group Processes Intergroup Relations , 28-45.
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