Definition and Examples of Language Change

Language change is the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the features and the use of a language over time. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. Types of language change include sound changes, lexical changes, semantic changes, and syntactic changes. The branch of linguistics that is expressly concerned with changes in a language (or in languages) over time is historical linguistics (also known as diachronic linguistics). Examples and Observations For centuries people have speculated about the causes of language change. The problem is not one of thinking up possible causes, but of deciding which to take seriously...Even when we have eliminated the lunatic fringe theories, we are left with an enormous number of possible causes to take into consideration. Part of the problem is that there are several different causative factors at work, not only in language as a whole but also in any one change...We can begin by dividing proposed causes of change into two broad categories. On the one hand, there are external sociolinguistic factors — that is, social factors outside the language system. On the other hand, there are internal psycholinguistic ones — that is, linguistic and psychological factors which reside in the structure of the language and the minds of the speakers.(Jean Aitchison, Language Change: Progress or Decay? 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001)Words on the Way OutAmidst and amongst are all rather for mal, almost affected, now, and are more usually encountered in high-brow writing, less usually in speech. This suggests that these forms are on the way out. They will probably bite the dust, just as betwixt and erst have done...(Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011)Anthropological Perspective on Language ChangeThere are many factors influencing the rate at which language changes, including the attitudes of the speakers toward borrowing and change. When most members of a speech community value novelty, for example, their language will change more quickly. When most members of a speech community value stability, then their language will change more slowly. When a particular pronunciation or word or grammatical form or turn of phrase is regarded as more desirable, or marks its users as more important or powerful, then it will be adopted and imitated more rapidly than otherwise...The important thing to remember about change i s that, as long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.(Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer, The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, 2009)AÂ  Prescriptivist Perspective on Language ChangeI see no absolute Necessity why any Language would be perpetually changing.(Jonathan Swift, Proposal for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue, 1712)Sporadic and Systematic Changes in LanguageChanges in language may be systematic or sporadic. The addition of a vocabulary item to name a new product, for example, is a sporadic change that has little impact on the rest of the lexicon. Even some phonological changes are sporadic. For instance, many speakers of English pronounce the word catch to rhyme with wretch rather than hatch...Systematic changes, as the term suggests, affect an entire system or subsystem of the language... A conditioned systematic change is brought about by context or environment, whe ther linguistic or extralinguistic. For many speakers of English, the short e vowel (as in bet) has, in some words, been replaced by a short i vowel (as in bit), For these speakers, pin and pen, him and hem are homophones (words pronounced the same). This change is conditioned because it occurs only in the context of a following m or n; pig and peg, hill and hell, middle and meddle are not pronounced alike for these speakers.(C.M. Millward, A Biography of the English Language, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1996)The Wave Model of Language Change[T]he distribution of regional language features may be viewed as the result of language change through geographical space over time. A change is initiated at one locale at a given point in time and spreads outward from that point in progressive stages so that earlier changes reach the outlying areas later. This model of language change is referred to as the wave model ...(Walt Wolfram and Natalie Schilling-Estes, American English: Dialects and Vari ation. Blackwell, 1998)Geoffrey Chaucer on Changes in the Forme of SpeecheYe knowe ek that in forme of speeche is chaungeWithinne a thousand yeer, and wordes thoThat hadden pris, now wonder nyce and straungeUs thinketh hem, and yet thei spake hem so,And spedde as wel in love as men now do;Ek for to wynnen love in sondry ages,In sondry londes, sondry ben usages.[You know also that in (the) form of speech (there) is changeWithin a thousand years, and words thenThat had value, now wonderfully curious and strange(To) us they seem, and yet they spoke them so,And succeeded as well in love as men now do;Also to win love in sundry ages,In sundry lands, (there) are many usages.](Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, late 14th century. Translation by Roger Lass in Phonology and Morphology. A History of the English Language, edited by Richard M. Hogg and David Denison. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Oil Companies And Economic Power - 1380 Words

Argumentative Essay: Oil Companies and Economic Power Introduction In the modern world energy has become very important since it helps drive most industrial as well as home based activities. For more than a hundred years, oil has been used to provide to this vast energy requirements. Oil companies around the world have facilitated the exploration, drilling, refinery and distribution of oil in their defined regions. The industrial part that oil companies play can be considered to be much greater than the domestic role. Oil companies produce diesel, petroleum, liquid petroleum gas and other products which are used to drive industrial machines used in production of various commodities. By this virtue, oil companies become an integral part of an economy (Marcel, Valerie, and John V. Mitchell, 98). Oil companies operate in defined regions where oil exploration and possible drilling is done. However some companies such as Shell BP engage in international drilling and distribution of oil products. Below are some of the most renowned oil companies in their constituent continents: Africa: Sasol of South of South Africa and National Petroleum Company of Congo. In Asia some of the leading oil companies include Nobel Group and the Bahrain Oil Company. It is important to note that Asia has a lot of oil resources and hence have extensive oil drilling activities. In Europe we have Partex oil and Gas Company, in South America three is Bridas Corporation based in Argentina. North AmericaShow MoreRelatedOil Companies And Economic Power1554 Words   |  7 Pages Oil Companies and Economic Power Introduction In the modern world energy has become very important since it helps drive most industrial as well as home based activities. The process that leads to production of the world’s largest energy provider, Oil, however has continued to receive criticism. 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Three-quarter of its shares is belonging to the government and one-quarter owned by Saudi Aramco, the third largest crude oil company in theRead MoreEssay about OPEC Presentation1377 Words   |  6 Pagesproducers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. †¢ OPEC was formed at a time when the international oil market was largely dominated by multinational companies (the seven sisters‘). OPECs ‘Policy Statement states that there is a right of all countries to exercise sovereignty over their natural resources. †¢ Because OPEC is an organization of countries (not oil companies), individual members haveRead MorePolitical And Economic Development Of Russia s Oil1512 Words   |  7 Pages Jack D Sharples HSE International Conference April 2012- 3 - of Russia’s oil, has been 100 percent state-owned since its creation in 1992(Transneft, 2012).This response was part of the emergence of a broader state-capitalist model of political and economic development. Economically, this has involved increasing statecontrol over strategic sectors of the Russian economy beyond oil and gas, such as banking, electric power, the media, aviation, the automotive industry, machine- building (Pappe andRead MoreOccidental Petroleum Corporation s International Company Exploration Oils And Gas1248 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive summary An Occidental Petroleum Corporation. It’s international company exploration oils and gas. Company will conduct to work with each section as following: gas and oils, marketing and chemical. Develop and survey natural gas and oils In USA and abroad as well. The Occidental Petroleum does business in 3 sectors: natural gas and oils, midstream and marketing, chemical and so on. Exploration natural gas and oils in domestic are situated in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and North Dakota.Read MoreEssay on Oil Conflict in Nigeria1259 Words   |  6 PagesOil Conflict in Nigeria Introduction This paper will discuss the Oil conflict that is occurring in Nigeria. Discussed will be the types of power that the two feuding parties are using and whether their strategies have been effective as well as the influence they have had on the conflict. The contrasting cultural differences and similarities will be discussed as well. 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This essay will explain where the majority of oil and gas is located. Thereafter, the focus will be on the benefits and drawbacks of countries that are dependent on oil/gas. Finally, a conclusion will be given which sums up the most important factors. Allocation Oil/Gas The majority of the oil reserves are located in the Middle East. An estimate of 65% of theRead MoreJD ROCKAFELLER1722 Words   |  7 Pageshow Standard Oil had changed society with references to the levels and spheres of corporate power discusses in the chapter, I would say that the power of economic, cultural and political of the Standard Oil has led to the big changes to the society. Based on the text book mentioned that â€Å"Rockefeller’s company was capitalized at 70$ million and produced 90 percent of the nation’s refining output.† This has shown how strong the economic power of Standard Oil is. The Standard Oil Company built the facilitiesRead MoreGlobalization and Its Effects on Mexico1055 Words   |  5 Pagesnation has the second longest border with the United States, significant oil resources, and the 11th largest population in the world. Mexico underwent all the necessary free market changes to help support globalization despite initial resistance, but they are yet to complete the interior microeconomic makeover they drastically need. Mexico has many things working for them but continue to underperform when it comes to global power and economy, China out performs Mexico for low-cost manufactured goods

Influencing & Making Decisions-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Introduce efficiencies within an Organization that may result in job losses, including long standing Employees. Answer: Rephrase problem situation In order to survive in a challenging environment, it is important to maintain the efficiency of an organisation. The efficiency can come in the form of resources, assets, capabilities and structure of an organisation(Streak, 2011). The systems used in order to enhance the potential of an organisation can help in increasing the prospect of success of the organisation. The report analysis these issues and identifies the causes for the occurrence of loss of jobs for the employees. The report also analyses the activities of a group of members involved in making decisions about the topic at hand. The process undertaken by the group in order to take the decision and the method adopted by the members are analysed. The comparison is made between the method adopted by the group with the general method may suitable for coming to a conclusion regarding group decision activities. As mentioned by (Harvey, 2013) increasing the efficiency of an organisation enhances the quality of work. This is because the employees are exposed to various techniques and expertise that can be considered as a positive factor for the employees. The efficiency of an organisation can be increased by making certain changes that are important for its success. The changes required at the workplace are identified based on the performance of each employee and department of an organisation. For example, efficiency can be maintained in enhancing the communication pattern of an organisation. This can help in improving the share of important information between one departments of an organisation to another. It can also help to improve the relationship between employee and employer(Levine, 2013). The skills of an employee can also be enhanced by applying proper technique such as training and development. In the modern world, the advent of technology is another method by which skills of an empl oyee and the efficiency of an organisation can be improved. This is mainly because technologies help to reduce the workload of the employees and carry out effective and accurate results. According to (Bancroft, 2012), in order to increase the efficiency of an organisation, managers need to follow simple steps that can help in gaining success. These steps need to be followed in a systematic manner in order to understand gain successful solution in trying to improve the standards of the organisation. The first and foremost requirement is identifying the values, objectives and goals. This can help in understanding the response of the employees during situations that lead to stress. Description and value provided by the business need to be defined in order to help employees and customers to form a clear idea about the business. In the case of purchase and sales of the products, it is necessary to document the strategies and provide an explanation about the type of promotional activity that is required. (Cole, 2012) stated that training of employees is one of the most effective manners by which efficiency can be increased. Designing the workflow and developing communicati on can also help to increase the efficiency of an organisation. However, research shows that increasing the efficiency of an organisation does not always help an organisation in a positive manner. At times, it is seen that employees lose the job due to the increase in efficiency. (Mintzi, 2011) observed that the foundation of a good business is the increased number of talents of the employees. The employees of an organisation provide the main source of increasing profitability of an organisation. Thus, conserving the interests of the employees is important for an organisation. In this regard, it can be said that the changes made in an organisation while trying to increase the efficiency can bring about resistance from the employees. This is mainly because most employees fear the loss of job due to backdated skills. Most employees are unaware of the application and use of new technologies that are used in order to increase the efficiency. Hence, this becomes a concern for the employees in terms of adjusting to the changed systems of an organisation. (Moreland, 2013) stated that employees lose a job due to the failure to continue with the changes, failure in morale, complete work within a deadline and so on. This can be the reason for the increased efficiency o f an organisation. The failure to complete work within time can be because the improved technologies can be considered as an out of expertise experience for the employees. This is considered as one of the main reason behind the loss of jobs of people. Hence, increasing the efficiencies can cause positivity as well as negativity in an organisation. Decisions made by the group The topic tries to analyse the reasons for the loss of work among employees due to the increase in efficiency at the workplace. The analysis of the topic revealed positive as well as negative factors that are involved with increasing the efficiency of an organisation. As observed by (Rhee, 2017) the loss of jobs is due to the emergence of factors that are perceived as negative by the employees. In this regard, decisions need to be made regarding the negative effect of increasing efficiency and providing recommendations about the ways to improve the mentality of the employees in an organisation. The decisions made by the group are based on the analysis of the impact of efficiency in the organisations. As seen in the analysis, increase in the efficiency of the employees results in a positive feedback in an organisation. This is because employees feel motivated due to the emergence of new systems and the manner in which technology can be used in order to make the workload less (Stienessen, 2013). Apart from this, the skills of the employees are also enhanced due to the existence of improved systems in the organisations. Hence, it can be said that in order to attain success in the workplace, the managers need to incorporate the efficiencies in the form of changes in the organisation. However, it has been seen that changes incorporated in an organisation often leads to resistance from employees. Changes come in the form of resources, capabilities and the number of employees that are employed. Hence, this becomes a challenge for employees that do not have a high skill to survive in the workplace. As stated by (Theiner, 2013), an introduction of efficiencies can help in enhancing the sk ill sets, however; it is to be kept in mind that the manner in which the employees perceive the efficiencies can result in frustration. The decision taken by the group is based on two factors that involve the reasons for employees to leave an organisation and the reasons behind an employee are made to leave an organisation. Both situations arise due to the failure to reach the objectives of an employee. (Waller, 2016) opined that an employee is provided with knowledge and training regarding the expectations after being recruited in an organisation. Hence, it is necessary for the employees to uphold the values and goals so that they do not fear even during the time of change. It has also been seen that on some occasions the employees do not agree on decisions made by the organisation. This is because the perception and beliefs of the employees are different from that of the managers. (Nonacs, 2014) stated that such an occasion usually occurs if the managers focus only on profit making rather than the goodwill of the employees. In this regard, it can be said that leaving an organisation based on poor management cannot be considered as an effect of improving the efficiency of the organisation. Apart from this, the other reasons that arise include lack of recognition. (Emery, 2013) opined that the lack of recognition can be viewed as a positive as well as a negative factor as recognition can be attained only after developing proper skill. Proper contribution at the workplace may help an employee to gain recognition in an organisation. This cannot be possible if the employee does not contribute well. Hence, feeling of frustration based on lack of recognition cannot be taken as an example of improving efficiencies and loss of a job. In this regard, it can be said that the group had to undertake these analyses in order to understand the effectiveness of the situation. The positive, as well as the negative factors of increasing efficiency, can be attributed to the fact that employees need to perceive the good things that happen in an organisation in a proper manner. Employees perceiving themselves as a backdated need to take an active part in accepting the efficient techniques for a further career growth. The analysis was also conducted about the use of certain theoretical approach such as Lewin's change management model. The fact that such a change management model can be used in order to understand the analysis of the effectiveness of efficiency in the organisation can be related to the topic. (Xia, 2013) observed that such a critical analysis of the issue needs to be undertaken by conducting a minute yet effective process. This process requires systematic management and a proper team leader so that every detail about the topic can be understood. Process undertaken by the group In order to be effective as a group, it is required that the team members develop a mutual understanding of one another. The strengths and weakness of each of the member need to be analysed in order to build an efficient team that can help in solving problems (Saaty, 2013). This can be done by proper interaction among the team members. In this regard, the process undertaken in order to conclude regarding the topic can be analysed. The process undertaken involves the use of group theories that define working in a group. The use of Belbins team role has been used in order to conduct a systematic approach to the problem. However, before the application of the theory, each team member was assigned a role based on the talents that they possess. From the analysis of the talents of the team, it is seen that the team members needed to trust among one another in order to identify the necessary contributions that they can make. According to (Chen, 2013), Belbins team role is effective in order to delegate roles that are best suited for an individual. An individual can excel in the role given to him in a team if the roles are attributed to the particular skill set of the person. Belbin's teamwork manages to identify the skills of the employees and ensure that every employee gets a team role based on the talent. In order to be successful as a team, it is necessary to maintain 9 roles that can help in attaining the organisational as well as the team goals. The roles can be broadly classified into three levels according to a specific value that the roles provide. The first set of roles involves the cerebral roles. People with the ability to remain creative, sober and single-minded are usually fitted in this category. The rules include Plant, Monitor evaluator and Specialist. These people have the ability to solve difficult problems and judge situations accurately. (Palomares, 2014) observed that these employees need to provide knowledge and skills that of rare ideas that are either obsolete or creative. However, a potential weakness of these roles is that lacks the ability to inspire others and mainly depends upon the technologies. The second set involves the people-oriented roles. This involves the Co-ordinator, Team worker and Resource Investigator. These people are matured, confident, co-operative and extrovert. They develop contacts with other people and listens to the opinions of others before promoting a decision. (Chiclana, 2013) opined that these people can sometimes be perceived as manipulative. They even remain indecisive in crunch situations and fail to take proper decisions. Another weakness is that these people tend to lose interest in a project after the initial enthusiasm is achieved. The third set of roles involves the action-oriented roles. These involve the Shapers, Implementer and Finisher. (Marshall, 2017) stated that these people challenging, conscious and disciplined during the time of work. They help to eliminate obstacles by motivating people and turns ideas into practical actions. Proper monitoring identifies any error or flaw and delivery of the solution is made in time after rectifying the mistakes. However, these people can be provoked easily and the rudeness offends the feelings of other people. They are inflexible and tend to worry more than the rest of the members of the team. According to (Lyndon, 2015), the roles delegated to these people involve the final execution of a team project. Hence, any changes that need to be made during this stage are met with a slow response. It can be said that the application of Belbins team role can have helped the team to identify the talents and develop significant roles for the team. Some of the more experienced members were asked to maintain the people oriented-roles based on the characteristics they possess. Apart from the use of theories related to team roles, analysis of the other theories that lead to the loss of jobs or turnover of employees are analysed. Theories that involve motivation were used in order to understand the ways to retain employees. Lewins change management model was also analysed in order to understand the ways to mitigate resistance of employees related to changes in an organisation. Hence, the manner in which the progress was made helped in a systematic analysis of the problem along with a clear understanding of the ways to approach the topic. However, certain recommendations are also required in order to be more effective in team management. Comparing group-decision making technique (Loebl, 2015) stated that in order to be successful as a group, it is important that the team members work together and share every information that is available with one another. However, in order to gain such information, it is necessary that the team members develop a technique that can be useful to search and collect information. Furthermore, the techniques also help in making the group decision making easier and employees can focus on areas of further improvement after the analysis of a topic (Beshears, 2015). In this regard, it can be said that certain techniques that can be used for effective group decision-making technique are described in a broader manner. The comparison is made between the techniques adopted for reaching a potential decision about the topic with the techniques that exist. One such technique involves the process of brainstorming. According to (Cole, 2012), brainstorming is used to generate ideas that are unique. Such ideas can be applied to the presentation of a problem related to general ideas. In this method, the team leader or the group leader presents a problem in front of the employees. The problem is analysed based on the possible solutions that exist and the manner unique manner in which it can be solved. The ideas presented by the members are taken in a round-robin manner in which every member presents more than a solution that can be useful for reaching a potential solution. As observed by (Palomares, 2014) brainstorming does not always help to solve the problem, instead, it helps in providing creative solutions that are effective in terms of analysing a particular case from various perspectives. However, the positive thing about brainstorming is the fact that it does not generate any critical ideas from any of the members that are involved in the team. Understanding of the situation is important in order to provide the effective solution to the people. Apart from this other technique that can be used involves the nominal group technique that helps in identifying the problems and evaluating it. According to (Stienessen, 2013), this technique can be effective as people spend five to ten minutes writing the ideas without discussing it. After this, the members provide their ideas individually which are written on a flip chart. This is a systematic process as every step is analysed before progressing to the next step of the technique. Hence, this technique has been criticised as lengthy and time consuming owing to a step-by-step analysis of the technique. Voting on a decision is carried out in order to identify the best and suitable technique that can be applied in order to mitigate the situation. The discussion of the results, generate more ideas and in this manner, the cycle continues. Both these methods are different from one another in terms of techniques used in order to approach a group discussion session. Both the techniques help in creating a relaxing atmosphere in the team and provide a creative feeling among the members of the group. Having analysed the techniques, co mparison of the techniques used for undertaking the topic can be conducted. The group discussion technique that is used includes the Delphi method. According to (Xia, 2013), the Delphi method is used for reaching a consensus without being influenced by any members of an organisation. Usually, this happens within the team in which the experienced members try to dominate the junior members. This creates a sense of dissatisfaction among the team members and creates mistrust among the team members. This method is used in forecasting the potential outcomes of a topic with a traditional view from the experts of a particular project. Questionnaires are mailed to the experts in order to identify the view of the experts about the topic at hand; In this case, however, no such questionnaires were provided instead a secondary analysis was conducted in order to understand the topic. Hence, it can be said that the use of the Delphi technique has helped in conducting the research of the topic in an effective manner. Thus, it can be said that the use of brainstorming technique can help in the effective analysis of a topic. It is required that the team leaders provide excessive support to the team members in order to encourage creative ideas. This can be helpful for every member as the team can understand the topic in an explicit manner and provide instant and positive solutions that can be useful in order to complete the project in an efficient manner. Bibliography Bancroft, S. G. (2012). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly , 644-675. Beshears, J. . (2015). Leaders as decision architects. Harvard Business Review , 52-62. Chen, N. X. (2013). Interval-valued hesitant preference relations and their applications to group decision making. Knowledge-Based Systems , 528-540. Chiclana, F. G.-V. (2013). A statistical comparative study of different similarity measures of consensus in group decision making. Information Sciences , 110-213. Cole, J. D. (2012). Peer group behavior and social status. Peer rejection in childhood, , 17. Emery, C. C. (2013). Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership. Group Processes Intergroup Relations , 28-45. Harvey, S. . (2013). Collective engagement in creative tasks: The role of evaluation in the creative process in groups. Administrative Science Quarterly , 346-386. Levine, A. . (2013). Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group. The Journal of Politics, , 35. Loebl, E. M. (2015). Group theory and its applications. London: Academic Press. Lyndon, R. C. (2015). Combinatorial group theory. Berlin: Springer. Marshall, J. A. (2017). Individual Confidence-Weighting and Group Decision-Making. Trends in Ecology Evolution , 636-645. Mintzi, A. (2011). Non-adaptive group behavior. The Journal of abnormal and social psychology , 150. Moreland, R. L. (2013). Creating the ideal group: Composition effects at work. Understanding group behavior , 11-35. Nonacs, P. . (2014). Cultural evolution and emergent group-level traits through social heterosis. Behavioral group dynamics , 266-267. Palomares, I. M. (2014). A consensus model to detect and manage noncooperative behaviors in large-scale group decision making. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems , 516-530. Rhee, Y. W. (2017). Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in-group social status as moderating contingency. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 813-832. Saaty, T. L. (2013). Group decision making: drawing out and reconciling differences. RWS publications , 444. Stienessen, S. C. (2013). The effect of disparate information on individual fish movements and emergent group behavior. Behavioral Ecology , 1150-1160. Streak, M. E. (2011). Group dynamics: The psychology of small group behaviour. London: Pearson. Theiner, G. (2013). Transactive memory systems: A mechanistic analysis of emergent group memory. Review of Philosophy and Psychology , 65-89. Waller, M. J. (2016). Conceptualizing emergent states: A strategy to advance the study of group dynamics. Academy of Management Annals , 561-598. Xia, M. X. (2013). Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership. Group Processes Intergroup Relations , 28-45.

Social Class in Madame Bovary free essay sample

Social Class in Madame Bovary During the 19th century, France was experiencing and suffering from a huge social disturbance. As a result, new social group was rising which was the bourgeoisie (middle class). These people got their chance thought commercials and events instead of inheritance. They were described by the word materialism. Gustave Flauberts book, Madame Bovary, he wrote about how good, simple, innocent and naive these people are. He also used the book to grab the peoples attention to the poorness of this class. It also shows the effect of social classes on a person. A good example of that will be Emma Bovary. The poor life of the middle caused her fall. This was because she always wanted a higher status, wealth, love and happiness. She saw everything in a different view. This things lead to her affairs and beings in debt and finally killing herself. Additionally, Emma is one of the intelligent characters in the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class in Madame Bovary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her capacity of imagination is great. She is very attentive to the outside details. She is attracted to how people are dressed and how they look but she doesnt Judge people depending on their characters or their inside. As a result of this, she is totally convinced by the people who act to be something more than what they really are. On the other hand, she hates the people who dont lie to her this is mostly because they are in her same social class. In addition, Emma is a very simple girl but she was always obsessed and dreamed of different types of imaginative love and being rich. One of the good examples that support that was when Charles took her to the ball. She considered it a chance to show everyone how sophisticated she is. The food served there was extremely expensive but wasnt expensive for the people who were there because they were from the top class. While eating, Emma noticed that several of the ladies had not put their gloves inside their glasses (45). It was habitual for middle class women to put their gloves in their wine glass to point out they wont drink. She was amazingly surprised by the women who were affording to drink wine and especially by the sophisticated ones who drank while eating. Also, she was convinced that the people there liked her very much and that they invited her to attend the following year but actually they invited them to the ball as a favor which will be once in there life. Actually during the ball Emma did loads of embarrassing things especially to the people in the upper class. she waltzes badly with the purpose f twisting her dress up with her partner and she uses the mistake as a reason to put her head on his chest. She was one of few people who left when the hosts where going to bed. All of these things showed how she was influenced by her social class. Additionally, after this ball she totally believes that she was born in the wrong social class and that everything would have been great if she was rich. She also believes she suffer as a result of having a noble soul. She considers herself as a tragic heroine. Another thing was that she was surprised when she knew that aristocrats dont have fancy food and drink on breakfast everyday. Moreover, she failed to realize that Rodolphes wasnt satisfied throughout his life despite his wealth. Moreover, Emma tries her best to have a friendship with a lot of people. She wants to be an aristocrat especially after the dAndervilliers ball. Even though she has a good appearance but sne lacks manners. This is proven in the book when sne tries to communicate or have a conversation with anyone from any social group and she fails. Also, people didnt really like her because of her reputation especially after having affairs. During Emmas life, she always chose to be the center of attention. She also convinced herself that best or ideal is the standard. When she was at the convent she followed the romantic novels she read. After going to the ball with Charles, she tried to copy or follow nobility and being rich and she found a new romantic man whom she consider as her ideal. Finally, Emma is simply a middle-class girl obsessed with a richer life. She believed that she was an aristocrat born by a mistake in a bourgeois prison but this is wrong. This is proven because all of her actions through out the book are influenced by the bourgeoisie class. Also, she commits suicide at the end as a result of her imagination and dreams.

Gun Control Essays (583 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms,

Gun Control Some people are for new gun control laws, but I am one of the many that are against them. Now, it is impossible to pick up a newspaper or watch the evening news without being bombarded with the details of another mass shooting, or another child that was killed while playing with a gun. Unfortunately, there are many people who take the easy way out when it comes to a solution to this problem, they choose gun control. There are many facts that support my position in which I will explain. First of all, numerous studies have proven that there are many protective uses of firearms, but most are masked by the few larger negative gun stories in the news. Mark Johnson, a journalist for Media General News, reports that despite scholarly studies indicating that law-abiding citizens use firearms from 764,000 to 3.6 million times each year to thwart crime, most defensive gun use incidents go unreported to the authorities. A survey done by Florida State University criminologist, Gary Kleck, suggests that there are 2.2-2.5 million protective uses of guns each year. John R. Lott, a graduate of University of Chicago Law school, has found with his studies that allowing citizens to carry concealed weapons deters violent crimes and it appears to produce no increase in accidental deaths. Also, National attention has been given recently to the notion that foreign countries that harshly restrict gun ownership have crime rates much lower than that of the U.S. . In fact the lowest gun crime rates in Japan, Great Britain, and in Canada were when there was virtually no gun crime laws. The Second Amendment to the Constitution states that, "A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,". The definition of gun control is; government regulation of possession and use of firearms by private citizens.These laws do nothing to stop criminals from buying illegal guns, who are unlikely to obey the law and register their guns. With these laws, gun rights groups say the legislation is infringing mostly on the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens that are just trying to protect themselves. Our Founding Fathers gave the citizens of the United States the right to bear arms, and our current government is slowly trying to take it away. The Columbine high school shootings victims are blaming weak gun control laws for this incident. In reality it should be the parent's responsibility to control their children and lock guns away. Also, just because of one isolated incident, I don't believe people should try to take guns away from responsible people. It is much harder to buy guns with these laws and it takes more money and time to get them. That is why I believe the citizens of Columbine are wrong for blaming this incident and the few others on the concept of gun control laws. Many believe that gun control only takes guns away from law-abiding citizens and it does nothing to stop criminals from buying illegal guns, who are unlikely to obey the law and register their guns. I feel that the term gun control is improperly used. The government is using it as a way to take our right to bear arms and other than a bodyguard or a law enforcement officer at one's side twenty-four hours a day, the most effective deterrent to criminal attack is the criminal's fear that the victim is armed and prepared to defend him or her self. It is for these reasons that I am against these and also because America should be able to protect themselves from criminals that do abuse firearms.

Labor Issues essays

Labor Issues essays Labor Unions: Aging Dinosaur or Sleeping Giant? The Labor Movement and Unionism Background and Brief History Higher wages! Shorter workdays! Better working conditions! These famous words echoed throughout the United States beginning in 1790 with the skilled craftsmen (Dessler, 1997, p. 544). For the last two-hundred years, workers of all trades have been fighting for their rights and seeking methods of improving their living standards, working conditions, and job security (Boone, 1996,p.287). As time went by, these individuals came to the conclusion that if they work together collectively, they would grow stronger to get responses to their demands. This inspired into what we know today as labor unions. A labor union is an organized group of workers whose purpose is to increase wages and influence other job conditions for its members (Parkin, 1998,p.344). These labor unions can be divided into two types: craft unions and industrial unions (World, 1998). A craft union is a union whose membership is restricted to workers who possess an identifiable skill (Robinson, 1985,p. 69). These members tend to be better educated and trained, and more unified because of common interests (World, 1998). An example of a craft union is the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (World, 1998). On the other hand, an industrialized union is a group of workers who have a variety of skills and job types but work for the same industry (Parkin, 1998, p. 344). Unions of this type include the United Steelworkers, United Auto Workers, and the United Transportation Union (Boone, 1996). History from the 1870s to 1900s. The first national union founded in Philadelphia in 1869 in the pre-Civil War period was the Knights of Labor, which intended to include all workers (Encyclopedia, 1996, p. 630). For a decade, this organization grew at a slow...

Evaluation of a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Evaluation of a company - Essay Example The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational beverage firm, and manufacturer, marketer, and retailer of non-alcoholic beverage drink and syrups. The company has a headquarter in Atlanta, Georgia. The company is popular for its Coca-Cola product that a pharmacist John Stith Pemberto invented in 1886 in Columbus, Georgia. Asa Griggs Candler bought the formula from Permberto in 1889 and built-in The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. The company runs a business distribution arrangement, which dates back to 1889 where the company produces a syrup concentrate and sell it to various bottlers all over the world. The company owns Coca-Coca Refreshments, a bottler in North America. It exists in more 200 nations and sells over 50 billion drink servings of various types every single day. The spin-off of the bottling operations belonging to Coca Cola in Brazil and Philippines in 2013 affected negatively the profits of Coca Cola as it slowed sales growth. Apart from the spin-off, the continuing global macroeconomic problems in many markets have also led to the reduction of profits. In addition, the weakness in sales in North America, the largest market for Coca-Cola has led to slow growth of profits. Global sales rose in volume by 2 percent in 2013 as related to 4% of 2012. The global last quarter sales in 2013 rose by 1%, which was below the expected level of 3%. As a consequently of reduction in the sales, Coke’s shares reduced by 3.8%. A share was sold by $37.47 in 2013. Revenue reduced by 3.6% to 11.04 billion U.S dollars. Therefore, revenue for 2013 was lower than that of 2012, which was 11.46 billion U.S dollars. Drink sales reduced by 1% in North America. The income statement shows the impacts of the three issues earlier mentioned. PepsiCo is the main rival of Coca-Cola in the soft drink industry. PepsiCo is second to Coca-Cola. It outsells Coca-Cola in certain markets. RC Cola